Nkwarụ anu ahu

^[1] ^[2]Nkwarụ anụ ahụ bụ mmachi na arụ ọrụ anụ ahụ mmadụ, ijegharị ya, ike ya ma ọ bụ ume ya. Nkwarụ anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere mmebi nke na-egbochi akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị, dị ka nsogbu iku ume, ìsì, akwụkwụ na nsogbu ihi ụra.

Ihe Ndị Na-akpata ya

^[3]A na-enweta nkwarụ tupu ịmụ nwa tupu a mụọ nwa. Ndị a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ọrịa ma ọ bụ ihe ndị nne ekpughere n'oge ime ime, ihe mberede embrayo ma ọ bụ nwa ebu n'afọ ma ọ bụ nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.^[4]

A na-enweta nkwarụ perinatal n'etiti izu ole na ole tupu ruo izu anọ mgbe amuchara n'ime ụmụ mmadụ.^[5] Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi enweghị ikuku oxygen ma ọ bụ mgbochi nke usoro iku ume, mmebi ụbụrụ n'oge ọmụmụ (n'ihi iji forceps eme ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, dịka ọmụmaatụ) ma ọ bụ nwa a mụrụ n'oge. Ihe ndị a nwekwara ike ibute n'ihi nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ma ọ bụ ihe mberede.^[4]

A na-enweta nkwarụ mgbe amuchara. Ha nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe mberede, mmerụ ahụ, oke ibu, ọrịa ma ọ bụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Ihe ndị a nwekwara ike ibute n'ihi nsogbu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa.

Ụdị

Nkwarụ na-emetụta akụkụ aka elu ma ọ bụ ala ma ọ bụ nkwarụ, aka na-adịghị mma, na mmebi nke otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ akụkụ ahụ. Nkwarụ na-agagharị agagharị nwere ike ịbụ nsogbu a mụrụ ma ọ bụ nke a na-enweta ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ ọrịa. Ndị nwere ọdịdị ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji na-adaba n'ụdị a.

Nkwarụ anya bụ ụdị nkwarụ ọzọ. E nwere ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ nwere obere ma ọ bụ nnukwu mmerụ ahụ anya dị iche iche. Ụdị mmerụ ahụ ndị a nwekwara ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu ma ọ bụ ọrịa dịka ìsì na mmerụ ahụ anya. Ụdị ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ahụ ụzọ na-agụnye cornea, scratches na sclera, ọrịa anya metụtara ọrịa shuga, anya kpọrọ nkụ na corneal graft, macular degeneration na nká na retinal detachment.

Enweghị ike ịnụ ihe bụ enweghị ike ịnụ ihe n'ụzọ zuru ezu ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Ndị ntị chiri na ndị na-anụ ihe na-adịghị mma nwere ọdịbendị bara ọgaranya ^[6] ma na-erite uru site n'ịmụta asụsụ ndị ogbi maka ebumnuche nkwurịta okwu. ^[7]^[8]^[9] Ndị ntị chiri nwere ike iji ihe enyemaka ịnụ ihe mee ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji melite ikike ịnụ ihe ha.Enweghị nkwarụ ikwu okwu na asụsụ: onye nwere ntụgharị nke okwu na usoro asụsụ nke na-anọghị n'etiti ntụgharị a na-anabata n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ nke na-egbochi mmepe mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ agụmakwụkwọ zuru oke

A pụkwara ịkọwa nkwarụ anụ ahụ na nsogbu ndị na-akpata, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ụkọ ụra, ike ọgwụgwụ na-adịghị ala ala, ihe mgbu na-adịghị aga ala, na nkụchi.

Hụkwa

Nkwarụ nke uche

Edensibia

↑ What is disability?. National Disability Coordination Officer Program (2012). Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved on January 8, 2014.
↑ Physical Disabilities, California State University, Northridge
↑ Prenatal Injury. ScienceDirect. Elsevier B.V. (2022). Retrieved on 27 June 2022.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Birth Defects Research & Prevention (Government website). Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention. Department of Public Health (2022). Retrieved on 27 June 2022. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MA" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Wright (2008). "Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of infant disability: Breaking the news to mothers". The Journal of Perinatal Education 17 (3): 27–32. DOI:10.1624/105812408X324543. ISSN 1058-1243. PMID 19436417. Templeeti:ProQuest.
↑ Cooke (2018-10-11). What is my deaf way of science? (en). UMass Magazine. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.
↑ Dolnick, Edward (September 1993). "Deafness as Culture". The Atlantic 272 (3). ISSN 0276-9077.
↑ Mindess (2006). Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters, Sharon Neumann Solow, Thomas K. Holcomb, Boston: International Press. ISBN 978-1-931930-26-0. OCLC 829736204.
↑ Barnett (15 February 2011). "Deaf Sign Language Users, Health Inequities, and Public Health: Opportunity for Social Justice". Preventing Chronic Disease 8 (2): A45. ISSN 1545-1151. PMID 21324259.

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ

Danielle Gourevitch na Mirko Grmek. (1998). Ọrịa n'ihe osise oge ochie, Paris.
Mirko Grmek (1983). Ọrịa na mmalite nke mmepeanya ọdịda anyanwụ, Paris.

Templeeti:Disability navbox

[1] What is disability?. National Disability Coordination Officer Program (2012). Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved on January 8, 2014.

[2] Physical Disabilities, California State University, Northridge

[3] Prenatal Injury. ScienceDirect. Elsevier B.V. (2022). Retrieved on 27 June 2022.

[MA-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Birth Defects Research & Prevention (Government website). Massachusetts Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention. Department of Public Health (2022). Retrieved on 27 June 2022. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name "MA" defined multiple times with different content

[5] Wright (2008). "Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of infant disability: Breaking the news to mothers". The Journal of Perinatal Education 17 (3): 27–32. DOI:10.1624/105812408X324543. ISSN 1058-1243. PMID 19436417. Templeeti:ProQuest.

[6] Cooke (2018-10-11). What is my deaf way of science? (en). UMass Magazine. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved on 2020-04-09.

[7] Dolnick, Edward (September 1993). "Deafness as Culture". The Atlantic 272 (3). ISSN 0276-9077.

[8] Mindess (2006). Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters, Sharon Neumann Solow, Thomas K. Holcomb, Boston: International Press. ISBN 978-1-931930-26-0. OCLC 829736204.

[9] Barnett (15 February 2011). "Deaf Sign Language Users, Health Inequities, and Public Health: Opportunity for Social Justice". Preventing Chronic Disease 8 (2): A45. ISSN 1545-1151. PMID 21324259.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]